The effect of monetary transmission mechanism channels on countries differs according to the economic conditions of the countries. The degree to which the credit channel affects developed and developing countries is different according to the level of development of financial markets. Considering the effects of the credit channel on the real economy, the level of influence of the credit channel on the country's economies in different periods is also different. Therefore, the effectiveness of this channel is discussed by researchers. Unlike existing studies, the aim of this study is to reveal the current research situation on the monetary transmission mechanism channel with bibliometric analysis, which is one of the scientific mapping methods, and to contribute to the determination and planning of future research areas. The data required for bibliometric analysis was extracted from the Web of Science database according to the keywords determined on July 22, 2023. The obtained data were analyzed through the Biblioshiny application within the Bibliometrix R package program. As a result of bibliometric analysis, the most influential authors in the world working on the credit channel, which is one of the monetary transmission mechanism tools, the institutions of these authors, the annual scientific publication production amount, the number of citations, the conceptual structure of the research carried out, the intellectual development status, the current themes in the field and the status of research collaborations are effective with visual maps. It is seen that the USA is far ahead in terms of the number of publications among the leading countries in which publications are made on the subject of credit channel, which is one of the instruments of monetary transmission mechanism, followed by China and England. The list of most productive institutions includes universities, as well as institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the American Central Bank. While it is seen that the USA is far ahead of other countries in the total number of citations received by the publications, the number of citations received by the authors from Turkey is 150, and Turkey is in the 12th place in the ranking of the most productive countries. It can be stated that the most frequently used keywords in the literature on the subject of credit channel, which is one of the monetary transmission mechanism tools, are the words transfer, monetary policy and credit, and these keywords also constitute the main theme of the relevant literature. When the intellectual cooperation is examined, it is seen that there are certain cliques among the authors and that there are bilateral and triple collaborations especially among certain authors. When the cooperation between countries is examined, it is seen that especially the cooperation from the USA is made with Europe and the Far East. When the collaborations of the authors from Turkey are examined, it is seen that the cooperation from Turkey to other countries is 5, while the cooperation from other countries to the authors in Turkey is 14. In this sense, it can be suggested that Turkish authors be more active and seek cooperation potentials. When the changes in the conceptual structure are examined, it can be stated that the keywords especially investment, limitations and determinants are important themes, which are explained as the motor themes on the credit channel, one of the monetary transmission mechanism tools. As the main themes, it is seen that the themes such as transmission, monetary policy and credit occupy a large place among the main themes and are the themes that concern different research areas of the field. To these basic themes, one group of themes such as shocks, intermediary costs and interest rates can be added, and another group of themes such as credit channel, interest channel and demand. Niche themes consist of themes such as capital, innovation, house prices, time, financial crises, China, economy and government. Emerging or isolated themes, on the other hand, consist of themes such as unit root, flow, triad, empirical evidence, economic growth, and profitability. Policy decisions affecting the credit channel of monetary transmission will have significant positive or negative effects on consumers' daily life and consumption behavior. Since the external financing premium caused by credit market disruptions affects borrowing decisions, it is reflected in the total private consumption demand. This effect of credit channel also affects consumer behavior. In addition, analyzing the effects of credit on consumption at both the aggregate and individual levels is important in directing consumer behavior and determining the role of credit in stimulating the economy. This study was carried out by analyzing only the publications in the WOS database, which were obtained using the filters specified in the method section. It can be suggested that future research should be carried out using foreign databases such as Scopus and national databases such as Dergipark. In this way, the direction of development in the field can be seen from a wider perspective. Many qualitative and quantitative researches can be done in the future by using trending topics and images on the thematic map.
Parasal aktarım mekanizması kanallarının ülkeler üzerindeki etkisi ülkelerin ekonomik koşullarına göre farklılık göstermektedir. Kredi kanalının gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeleri etkileme derecesi, finansal piyasaların gelişmişlik düzeyine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Kredi kanalının reel ekonomi üzerindeki etkileri dikkate alındığında farklı dönemlerde kredi kanalının ülke ekonomileri üzerindeki etki düzeyi de farklılık göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bu kanalın etkinliği araştırmacılar tarafından tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mevcut çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bilimsel haritalama yöntemlerinden biri olan bibliyometrik analiz ile parasal aktarım mekanizması kanalına ilişkin mevcut araştırma durumunu ortaya koymak ve gelecekteki araştırma alanlarının belirlenmesine ve planlanmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Bibliyometrik analiz için gerekli veriler 22 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde belirlenen anahtar kelimelere göre Web of Science veri tabanından çekilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Bibliometrix R paket programı içerisindeki Biblioshiny uygulaması aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bibliyometrik analiz sonucunda parasal aktarım mekanizmasının kredi kanalı ile ilgili yayınların yapıldığı ülkeler arasında ABD'nin yayın sayısı bakımından önde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. ABD’yi Çin ve İngiltere takip etmektedir. En üretken kurumlar listesinde üniversitelerin yanı sıra Uluslararası Para Fonu (IMF) ve Amerikan Merkez Bankası da bulunmaktadır. Yayınlara yapılan toplam atıf sayısında, ABD 6359 atıf sayısı ile diğer ülkelerden büyük bir farkla ilk sıradadır. Türkiye'den yazarların aldığı atıf sayısı 150 olup, en üretken ülkeler sıralamasında Türkiye 12. sırada yer almaktadır. Entelektüel iş birlikleri konusunda özellikle belirli yazarlar arasında ikili veya üçlü iş birlikleri vardır. Ülkeler arası iş birlikleri konusunda ise ABD'den gelen iş birliklerinin Avrupa ve Uzakdoğu ile yapıldığı bulunmuştur. Kavramsal yapıdaki değişimler değerlendirildiğinde, kredi kanalı konusundaki motor temalar; yatırım, sınırlamalar ve belirleyiciler anahtar kelimelerinden oluşmaktadır. Ana temalar ise; aktarım, para politikası, kredi, şoklar, temsilci maliyetleri, faiz oranları, kredi kanalı, faiz kanalı ve talep temalarını içermektedir. Niş temalar ise sermaye, inovasyon, konut fiyatları, zaman, finansal krizler, Çin, ekonomiler ve hükümet temalarından oluşmaktadır. Gelişen veya düşüşte olan temalar ise birim kök, akış, imkansız üçleme, ampirik kanıtlar, ekonomik büyüme ve karlılık temalarıdır. Analiz sonuçları konunun gelişme yönünü sistematik açıdan incelediğinden ilgili literatüre önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları makro açıdan merkez bankası, bankalar ve politika yapıcılar açısından da güncel gelişmelerin durumu ve yönünü göstermekte, mikro açıdan ise işletmelerin üretim, finans, pazarlama gibi gerek departman gerekse de üst yönetim kararlarına katkı sağlayacak projeksiyonlara sahiptir. Parasal aktarımın kredi kanalını etkileyen politika kararları tüketicilerin günlük yaşam ve tüketim davranışları üzerinde olumlu veya olumsuz önemli etkilere sahip olacaktır. Kredi piyasası aksaklıklarının sebep olduğu dış finansman primi borçlanma kararlarını etkilediği için toplam özel tüketim talebine yansımaktadır. Kredi kanalının bu etkisi tüketici davranışlarını da etkilemektedir. Ayrıca hem toplam hem de bireysel düzeyde kredinin tüketim üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek, tüketici davranışlarını yönlendirmek ve kredinin ekonomiyi canlandırmadaki rolünü belirlemek açısından önemlidir.
The effect of monetary transmission mechanism channels on countries differs according to the economic conditions of the countries. The degree to which the credit channel affects developed and developing countries is different according to the level of development of financial markets. Considering the effects of the credit channel on the real economy, the level of influence of the credit channel on the country's economies in different periods is also different. Therefore, the effectiveness of this channel is discussed by researchers. Unlike existing studies, the aim of this study is to reveal the current research situation on the monetary transmission mechanism channel with bibliometric analysis, which is one of the scientific mapping methods, and to contribute to the determination and planning of future research areas. The data required for bibliometric analysis was extracted from the Web of Science database according to the keywords determined on July 22, 2023. The obtained data were analyzed through the Biblioshiny application within the Bibliometrix R package program. As a result of bibliometric analysis, the most influential authors in the world working on the credit channel, which is one of the monetary transmission mechanism tools, the institutions of these authors, the annual scientific publication production amount, the number of citations, the conceptual structure of the research carried out, the intellectual development status, the current themes in the field and the status of research collaborations are effective with visual maps. It is seen that the USA is far ahead in terms of the number of publications among the leading countries in which publications are made on the subject of credit channel, which is one of the instruments of monetary transmission mechanism, followed by China and England. The list of most productive institutions includes universities, as well as institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the American Central Bank. While it is seen that the USA is far ahead of other countries in the total number of citations received by the publications, the number of citations received by the authors from Turkey is 150, and Turkey is in the 12th place in the ranking of the most productive countries. It can be stated that the most frequently used keywords in the literature on the subject of credit channel, which is one of the monetary transmission mechanism tools, are the words transfer, monetary policy and credit, and these keywords also constitute the main theme of the relevant literature. When the intellectual cooperation is examined, it is seen that there are certain cliques among the authors and that there are bilateral and triple collaborations especially among certain authors. When the cooperation between countries is examined, it is seen that especially the cooperation from the USA is made with Europe and the Far East. When the collaborations of the authors from Turkey are examined, it is seen that the cooperation from Turkey to other countries is 5, while the cooperation from other countries to the authors in Turkey is 14. In this sense, it can be suggested that Turkish authors be more active and seek cooperation potentials. When the changes in the conceptual structure are examined, it can be stated that the keywords especially investment, limitations and determinants are important themes, which are explained as the motor themes on the credit channel, one of the monetary transmission mechanism tools. As the main themes, it is seen that the themes such as transmission, monetary policy and credit occupy a large place among the main themes and are the themes that concern different research areas of the field. To these basic themes, one group of themes such as shocks, intermediary costs and interest rates can be added, and another group of themes such as credit channel, interest channel and demand. Niche themes consist of themes such as capital, innovation, house prices, time, financial crises, China, economy and government. Emerging or isolated themes, on the other hand, consist of themes such as unit root, flow, triad, empirical evidence, economic growth, and profitability. Policy decisions affecting the credit channel of monetary transmission will have significant positive or negative effects on consumers' daily life and consumption behavior. Since the external financing premium caused by credit market disruptions affects borrowing decisions, it is reflected in the total private consumption demand. This effect of credit channel also affects consumer behavior. In addition, analyzing the effects of credit on consumption at both the aggregate and individual levels is important in directing consumer behavior and determining the role of credit in stimulating the economy. This study was carried out by analyzing only the publications in the WOS database, which were obtained using the filters specified in the method section. It can be suggested that future research should be carried out using foreign databases such as Scopus and national databases such as Dergipark. In this way, the direction of development in the field can be seen from a wider perspective. Many qualitative and quantitative researches can be done in the future by using trending topics and images on the thematic map.
